157. In 1933, the National Socialists under Adolf Hitler established in Germany …

Answer options

1. a dictatorship.
2. a democratic state.
3. a monarchy.
4. a principality.

Explanation

The correct answer is “a dictatorship”: in 1933 the National Socialists transformed the Weimar Republic into a totalitarian one-party state organized under the Führerprinzip through the Reichstag Fire Decree (28 Feb. 1933) and the Enabling Act (24 Mar. 1933). Separation of powers and fundamental rights were effectively suspended, and federal autonomy was eliminated by Gleichschaltung and the Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich (1934). Formally the Weimar Constitution remained in force, but it was hollowed out by emergency and enabling legislation, concentrating all state power in Hitler’s hands.