347. Which is a German city-state?

Answer options

1. Bremen
2. Munich
3. Frankfurt
4. Erfurt

Explanation

In Germany, a city-state is a Land (federal state) whose territory essentially coincides with a single city; constitutionally, Berlin, Hamburg, and the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen are the three city-states. Bremen is a specific case because the Land consists of two municipalities, Bremen and Bremerhaven, yet it exercises full Land-level powers and holds three Bundesrat votes under Art. 51 of the Basic Law. Their status reflects the federal structure mandated by Art. 20(1) GG and the Hanseatic tradition of urban self-government; cities like Munich, Frankfurt, and Erfurt are municipalities within other Länder, not Länder themselves.