37. What are the heads of government of most federal states (Länder) in Germany called?

Answer options

1. First Minister (male) / First Minister (female)
2. Prime Minister (male) / Prime Minister (female)
3. Senator (male) / Senator (female)
4. Minister-President (male) / Minister-President (female)

Explanation

In most territorial Länder the head of government is called the Minister-President; he or she is elected by the Landtag and leads the state government within a parliamentary system (Art. 28(1) Basic Law). The Minister-President represents the Land and typically heads its delegation in the Bundesrat, whose members are drawn from the Land governments (Art. 51 Basic Law). City-states use different titles: Berlin has the Governing Mayor, Hamburg the First Mayor, and Bremen the President of the Senate/Mayor. The term reflects federal and historical continuities, including Prussian and Weimar-era state constitutions.