90. The German Länder participate in federal legislation through …

Answer options

1. the Bundesrat.
2. the Federal Convention (Bundesversammlung).
3. the Bundestag.
4. the Federal Government.

Explanation

Under Article 50 of the Basic Law (Grundgesetz, GG), the Länder participate through the Bundesrat in federal legislation, federal administration, and EU affairs. In the legislative process (Arts. 76–78 GG), the Bundesrat’s consent is constitutive for consent laws, while for objection laws it may lodge an objection (Art. 77(3)–(4)). By contrast, the Federal Convention elects only the Federal President (Art. 54 GG); the Bundestag is the popularly elected legislature, and the Federal Government is the executive. Historically, the Bundesrat continues the federal tradition of the Imperial Bundesrat and, with modified powers, the Weimar Reichsrat.