136. In Germany, you go to the labour court in the case of …

Answer options

1. an incorrect statement of ancillary housing costs (service-charge billing).
2. an unjustified dismissal by your employer.
3. problems with neighbors.
4. difficulties following a traffic accident.

Explanation

The competent forum for an unjustified dismissal is the labour court system (Labour Court, Higher Labour Court, Federal Labour Court), governed by the Labour Court Act (Arbeitsgerichtsgesetz); as a specialized judiciary it is constitutionally anchored in Article 95 of the Basic Law and implements the guarantee of effective legal protection in Article 19(4) GG. By contrast, tenancy and neighborhood disputes and tort claims after traffic accidents belong to the ordinary civil courts (usually Local/Regional Courts) under the Courts Constitution Act and the Civil Code. In dismissal protection, the key remedy is the time-limited unfair dismissal action (§ 4 KSchG; three-week filing period). Historically, today’s labour courts build on Weimar-era predecessors; the Federal Labour Court was established in 1954 and has sat in Erfurt since 1999.